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Countries / Romania

Population state · Declining

Romania

Europe · Eastern Europe · ROU · RO

Romania's population reached its series maximum in 1991. The current run began in 2023.

Population state
Declining
current run since 2023 · projected 2024
Fertility
1.71
100 of 237 with a TFR, lowest first
World population rank
67
of 237
Regional population rank
9
of 50 in Europe
Population
19.02m
Annual change
−105,500
9th-largest annual loss in the record
Natural change
−77,043
Migrant share
3.4%
Peak population · 1991 Deaths exceed births · since 1993 Working-age peak · 1993 Support ratio · 3.22 people 15–64 per person 65+
ANNUAL COMPONENTS · 2024 PROJECTED

What drives population change?

Births and deaths set natural change. Net migration can reinforce, reduce, or reverse that direction.

Migration contribution Deepens decline

Negative net migration adds to natural decline.

Romania, 2024 projected: natural change −77,043 people, net migration −28,466, WPP adjustment +9, total population change −105,500. Negative net migration adds to natural decline.

Exact reconciliation: WPP includes a +9-person statistical adjustment. Figures are rounded to whole people.

SOURCE · UN WPP 2024 CHECKS PASSED · DETAILS⌄
Releasewpp2024
RevisionPOP/DB/WPP/Rev.2024/GEN/F01/Rev.1
Vintage2024 Revision, Online Edition
Retrieved2026-06-25T11:25:03+00:00
LicenceCC BY 3.0 IGO
Formulathousands-to-people-v1 · migration-contribution-v1
Transformsite/src/lib/migration-contribution.ts
Raw file SHA-25698e34d9b65b53858cd08a57a566e45050b08093ad85ba5714fe6fbd78055ae6d
Measurement universeOne canonical country or area; annual natural change, net migration, WPP adjustment, and total population change use the same source row.
Reference time2024 projected annual components; estimates run through 2023.
UnitPeople per year.
Evidence status2024 WPP medium-variant projection.
AGE STRUCTURE · 2023
PROJECTED PATH · WPP 2024 MEDIUM VARIANT
YearPopulationAnnual changeFertility
202419.02m−105,5001.71
205016.03m−118,6631.68
208012.47m−95,0281.67
210010.77m−84,5821.67

Values after 2023 are medium-variant projections, not forecasts.

AGE BALANCE · 1950–2100

Youth and older population

Annual share of the population aged under 18 and aged 65+. The crossing shows when the older group first becomes larger in the annual source series.

First annual crossover
2022 · observed
Rule
65+ strictly exceeds under 18

Romania annual age balance from 1950 to 2100. Under-18 population moves from 34.3% in 1950 to 19.3% in 2023 and 15.5% in the 2100 projection. Population aged 65 and older moves from 7.2% to 19.8% and 32.8%. First annual crossover: 2022 · observed. Estimates run through 2023 and WPP Medium projections begin in 2024.

Youth and older population in Romania, 1950 to 2100 Romania annual age balance from 1950 to 2100. Under-18 population moves from 34.3% in 1950 to 19.3% in 2023 and 15.5% in the 2100 projection. Population aged 65 and older moves from 7.2% to 19.8% and 32.8%. First annual crossover: 2022 · observed. Estimates run through 2023 and WPP Medium projections begin in 2024. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 1950 1975 2000 2023 2050 2075 2100 ESTIMATES · THROUGH 2023 WPP MEDIUM PROJECTION UNDER 18 · 15.5% 65+ · 32.8%
1950
Under 18 · 34.3%65+ · 7.2%
2023 observed
Under 18 · 19.3%65+ · 19.8%
2100 projected
Under 18 · 15.5%65+ · 32.8%
Annual evidence · 151 source rows
Romania under-18 and 65+ population history
YearEvidenceUnder 18Share65+Share
1950 observed 5,617,103 34.3% 1,184,605 7.2%
1951 observed 5,654,452 34.0% 1,185,712 7.1%
1952 observed 5,690,056 33.8% 1,183,109 7.0%
1953 observed 5,722,806 33.5% 1,178,746 6.9%
1954 observed 5,757,009 33.3% 1,175,447 6.8%
1955 observed 5,797,134 33.2% 1,173,239 6.7%
1956 observed 5,848,141 33.1% 1,180,921 6.7%
1957 observed 5,888,576 32.9% 1,197,702 6.7%
1958 observed 5,907,554 32.7% 1,215,756 6.7%
1959 observed 5,919,820 32.5% 1,236,636 6.8%
1960 observed 5,928,478 32.4% 1,259,751 6.9%
1961 observed 5,930,645 32.2% 1,286,184 7.0%
1962 observed 5,918,248 32.0% 1,319,472 7.1%
1963 observed 5,893,329 31.7% 1,360,272 7.3%
1964 observed 5,856,267 31.4% 1,404,880 7.5%
1965 observed 5,798,890 31.0% 1,451,769 7.8%
1966 observed 5,727,185 30.5% 1,503,081 8.0%
1967 observed 5,763,069 30.3% 1,561,986 8.2%
1968 observed 5,892,784 30.4% 1,624,744 8.4%
1969 observed 5,996,398 30.4% 1,684,157 8.5%
1970 observed 6,075,271 30.4% 1,739,463 8.7%
1971 observed 6,131,924 30.2% 1,794,400 8.8%
1972 observed 6,171,712 30.0% 1,854,532 9.0%
1973 observed 6,187,177 29.7% 1,917,346 9.2%
1974 observed 6,196,488 29.5% 1,981,975 9.4%
1975 observed 6,230,310 29.3% 2,052,399 9.7%
1976 observed 6,300,193 29.3% 2,124,884 9.9%
1977 observed 6,414,525 29.6% 2,200,557 10.1%
1978 observed 6,540,409 29.9% 2,269,539 10.4%
1979 observed 6,653,603 30.2% 2,323,789 10.6%
1980 observed 6,751,028 30.5% 2,350,202 10.6%
1981 observed 6,826,332 30.6% 2,339,892 10.5%
1982 observed 6,885,229 30.8% 2,295,947 10.3%
1983 observed 6,927,352 30.8% 2,225,531 9.9%
1984 observed 6,973,026 30.9% 2,198,521 9.8%
1985 observed 6,920,550 30.6% 2,219,619 9.8%
1986 observed 6,761,146 29.8% 2,249,201 9.9%
1987 observed 6,636,531 29.2% 2,291,536 10.1%
1988 observed 6,562,371 28.8% 2,333,786 10.2%
1989 observed 6,528,563 28.5% 2,379,427 10.4%
1990 observed 6,488,988 28.3% 2,431,914 10.6%
1991 observed 6,412,957 27.9% 2,481,578 10.8%
1992 observed 6,286,891 27.4% 2,534,295 11.1%
1993 observed 6,118,971 26.8% 2,596,930 11.4%
1994 observed 5,950,370 26.1% 2,660,139 11.7%
1995 observed 5,780,142 25.5% 2,723,941 12.0%
1996 observed 5,611,425 24.9% 2,781,798 12.3%
1997 observed 5,447,038 24.3% 2,834,047 12.6%
1998 observed 5,289,406 23.7% 2,883,691 12.9%
1999 observed 5,146,174 23.2% 2,927,968 13.2%
2000 observed 5,028,465 22.8% 2,973,498 13.5%
2001 observed 4,937,253 22.5% 3,025,015 13.8%
2002 observed 4,823,142 22.2% 3,076,376 14.1%
2003 observed 4,672,547 21.6% 3,116,858 14.4%
2004 observed 4,515,457 21.1% 3,147,061 14.7%
2005 observed 4,358,431 20.5% 3,164,347 14.9%
2006 observed 4,213,187 20.0% 3,174,423 15.1%
2007 observed 4,084,760 19.6% 3,183,362 15.3%
2008 observed 3,987,238 19.2% 3,193,846 15.4%
2009 observed 3,932,479 19.1% 3,215,945 15.6%
2010 observed 3,900,587 19.1% 3,236,517 15.8%
2011 observed 3,869,062 19.1% 3,256,763 16.1%
2012 observed 3,830,507 19.0% 3,279,045 16.3%
2013 observed 3,793,657 18.9% 3,302,010 16.5%
2014 observed 3,767,568 18.9% 3,353,443 16.8%
2015 observed 3,748,299 18.9% 3,419,728 17.2%
2016 observed 3,734,635 18.9% 3,475,656 17.6%
2017 observed 3,727,672 18.9% 3,526,789 17.9%
2018 observed 3,727,299 19.0% 3,576,550 18.2%
2019 observed 3,734,456 19.1% 3,628,116 18.6%
2020 observed 3,746,560 19.3% 3,687,798 19.0%
2021 observed 3,740,729 19.4% 3,720,087 19.3%
2022 observed 3,721,170 19.4% 3,740,450 19.5%
2023 observed 3,692,074 19.3% 3,776,496 19.8%
2024 projected 3,648,077 19.2% 3,799,409 20.0%
2025 projected 3,601,910 19.0% 3,807,903 20.1%
2026 projected 3,550,990 18.9% 3,804,712 20.2%
2027 projected 3,495,416 18.7% 3,794,068 20.3%
2028 projected 3,442,005 18.5% 3,779,927 20.3%
2029 projected 3,397,219 18.4% 3,762,049 20.4%
2030 projected 3,357,236 18.3% 3,741,103 20.4%
2031 projected 3,318,133 18.2% 3,722,541 20.4%
2032 projected 3,279,821 18.1% 3,771,589 20.8%
2033 projected 3,239,280 18.0% 3,892,071 21.6%
2034 projected 3,194,916 17.8% 4,000,408 22.3%
2035 projected 3,146,955 17.7% 4,073,920 22.9%
2036 projected 3,100,440 17.5% 4,126,493 23.3%
2037 projected 3,059,538 17.4% 4,168,029 23.7%
2038 projected 3,026,261 17.3% 4,201,121 24.1%
2039 projected 2,999,071 17.3% 4,240,726 24.5%
2040 projected 2,974,769 17.3% 4,287,086 24.9%
2041 projected 2,952,338 17.3% 4,330,712 25.3%
2042 projected 2,931,621 17.3% 4,375,523 25.8%
2043 projected 2,912,798 17.3% 4,417,305 26.2%
2044 projected 2,894,946 17.3% 4,453,337 26.6%
2045 projected 2,877,880 17.3% 4,482,188 27.0%
2046 projected 2,861,477 17.3% 4,501,362 27.3%
2047 projected 2,844,996 17.4% 4,502,617 27.5%
2048 projected 2,827,831 17.4% 4,475,319 27.5%
2049 projected 2,809,811 17.4% 4,451,968 27.6%
2050 projected 2,790,748 17.4% 4,453,247 27.8%
2051 projected 2,770,315 17.4% 4,463,306 28.1%
2052 projected 2,748,183 17.4% 4,481,251 28.4%
2053 projected 2,724,543 17.4% 4,503,941 28.8%
2054 projected 2,699,412 17.4% 4,521,757 29.1%
2055 projected 2,672,373 17.3% 4,523,951 29.3%
2056 projected 2,643,697 17.3% 4,502,023 29.4%
2057 projected 2,613,931 17.2% 4,464,916 29.5%
2058 projected 2,583,285 17.2% 4,422,701 29.4%
2059 projected 2,551,888 17.1% 4,376,731 29.4%
2060 projected 2,520,060 17.1% 4,327,696 29.3%
2061 projected 2,487,882 17.0% 4,275,058 29.2%
2062 projected 2,455,582 16.9% 4,223,231 29.1%
2063 projected 2,423,785 16.9% 4,175,120 29.1%
2064 projected 2,392,673 16.8% 4,129,188 29.0%
2065 projected 2,362,176 16.7% 4,084,027 28.9%
2066 projected 2,332,831 16.7% 4,036,595 28.9%
2067 projected 2,304,978 16.6% 3,986,618 28.8%
2068 projected 2,278,761 16.6% 3,944,315 28.7%
2069 projected 2,254,035 16.5% 3,913,168 28.7%
2070 projected 2,230,565 16.5% 3,889,763 28.8%
2071 projected 2,208,548 16.5% 3,870,515 28.9%
2072 projected 2,187,944 16.5% 3,852,766 29.0%
2073 projected 2,168,841 16.5% 3,840,302 29.2%
2074 projected 2,150,873 16.5% 3,833,291 29.3%
2075 projected 2,133,762 16.5% 3,825,781 29.5%
2076 projected 2,117,376 16.5% 3,811,917 29.6%
2077 projected 2,101,389 16.5% 3,795,497 29.7%
2078 projected 2,085,730 16.5% 3,780,232 29.9%
2079 projected 2,070,144 16.5% 3,766,252 30.0%
2080 projected 2,054,359 16.5% 3,756,284 30.1%
2081 projected 2,038,271 16.5% 3,751,871 30.3%
2082 projected 2,022,112 16.5% 3,752,759 30.5%
2083 projected 2,005,626 16.4% 3,754,194 30.8%
2084 projected 1,988,583 16.4% 3,752,667 31.0%
2085 projected 1,970,969 16.4% 3,746,235 31.2%
2086 projected 1,952,451 16.4% 3,736,222 31.3%
2087 projected 1,933,392 16.3% 3,725,508 31.4%
2088 projected 1,913,983 16.3% 3,714,399 31.6%
2089 projected 1,893,921 16.2% 3,702,842 31.7%
2090 projected 1,873,309 16.2% 3,690,480 31.8%
2091 projected 1,852,481 16.1% 3,677,401 31.9%
2092 projected 1,831,652 16.0% 3,663,450 32.0%
2093 projected 1,810,688 16.0% 3,648,505 32.1%
2094 projected 1,789,924 15.9% 3,632,760 32.2%
2095 projected 1,769,465 15.8% 3,616,413 32.3%
2096 projected 1,749,236 15.8% 3,599,673 32.4%
2097 projected 1,729,376 15.7% 3,582,817 32.5%
2098 projected 1,709,924 15.6% 3,565,913 32.6%
2099 projected 1,690,969 15.6% 3,548,925 32.7%
2100 projected 1,672,500 15.5% 3,532,063 32.8%
SOURCE · UN WPP 2024 · SINGLE-AGE POPULATION CHECKS PASSED · DETAILS⌄
Releasewpp2024
RevisionPOP/DB/WPP/Rev.2024/GEN/F01/Rev.1
Vintage2024 Revision, Online Edition
Retrieved2026-06-25T11:25:03+00:00
LicenceCC BY 3.0 IGO
Formulaunder18-vs-65plus-annual-history-v1
Transformpipeline.derive.age_structure_history
Raw file SHA-2566de949eb0d6bf3277959da88c7591c608ad5fd995a17b4f120c11245a351dfb1 · d9c962d7e0beb731d3450cfabba8499a1449411e3c8aec3aeced06a7a2955b6e
Measurement universeall 237 WPP country and area records in the canonical Register
Reference time1950–2023 estimates; 2024–2100 WPP Medium projection
UnitPeople and percentage of same-year single-age population.
Evidence statusAnnual estimates through 2023; WPP Medium projection thereafter. No interpolation.
Download image card Compare Romania with…
SOURCE · UN WPP 2024 CHECKS PASSED · DETAILS⌄
Releasewpp2024
RevisionPOP/DB/WPP/Rev.2024/GEN/F01/Rev.1
Vintage2024 Revision, Online Edition
Retrieved2026-06-25T11:25:03+00:00
LicenceCC BY 3.0 IGO
Formulathousands-to-people-v1
Transformreproducible canonical pipeline
Measurement universeDe facto population: all residents in the country or area, regardless of legal status or citizenship.
Reference timePopulation is measured at 1 July 2024; annual flows cover the source year.
UnitPeople; the source workbook's thousands are converted to whole people for display.
Evidence status2024 medium-variant projection; estimates run through 2023.