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Countries / Cuba

Population state · Sustained decline

Cuba

Latin America and the Caribbean · Caribbean · CUB · CU

Cuba's population reached its series maximum in 2012. The current run began in 2016.

Population state
Sustained decline
current run since 2016 · projected 2024
Fertility
1.45
52 of 237 with a TFR, lowest first
World population rank
87
of 237
Regional population rank
13
of 50 in Latin America and the Caribbean
Population
10.98m
Annual change
−41,620
15th-largest annual loss in the record
Natural change
−19,265
Migrant share
0.0%
Peak population · 2012 Deaths exceed births · since 2019 Working-age peak · 2008 Support ratio · 4.11 people 15–64 per person 65+
ANNUAL COMPONENTS · 2024 PROJECTED

What drives population change?

Births and deaths set natural change. Net migration can reinforce, reduce, or reverse that direction.

Migration contribution Deepens decline

Negative net migration adds to natural decline.

Cuba, 2024 projected: natural change −19,265 people, net migration −22,356, WPP adjustment +1, total population change −41,620. Negative net migration adds to natural decline.

Exact reconciliation: WPP includes a +1-person statistical adjustment. Figures are rounded to whole people.

SOURCE · UN WPP 2024 CHECKS PASSED · DETAILS⌄
Releasewpp2024
RevisionPOP/DB/WPP/Rev.2024/GEN/F01/Rev.1
Vintage2024 Revision, Online Edition
Retrieved2026-06-25T11:25:03+00:00
LicenceCC BY 3.0 IGO
Formulathousands-to-people-v1 · migration-contribution-v1
Transformsite/src/lib/migration-contribution.ts
Raw file SHA-25698e34d9b65b53858cd08a57a566e45050b08093ad85ba5714fe6fbd78055ae6d
Measurement universeOne canonical country or area; annual natural change, net migration, WPP adjustment, and total population change use the same source row.
Reference time2024 projected annual components; estimates run through 2023.
UnitPeople per year.
Evidence status2024 WPP medium-variant projection.
SUSTAINED DECLINE · STATE-SPECIFIC EVIDENCE

Decline over time

9 source years · since 2016 Tied rank 20 of 29 by streak duration Duration, not severity
CARD 01 · ANNUAL TOTAL POPULATION CHANGE

Annual change through the streak

Each bar is one year’s total population change. View the same evidence as a share of that year’s population or as a count of people.

Births, deaths, net migration, and WPP adjustments are included.
−0.38%
2016–2024 · 9 source years Loss rate is steeper than at the start
Annual change bar chart
Observed through 2023 2024 projected

One discrete bar for each source year from 2016 through 2024. The chart includes total population change from births, deaths, net migration, and WPP adjustments; observed and projected rows are distinguished.

Annual total population change for Cuba, 2016 to 2024
YearEvidencePercent of populationPeople
2016observed−0.13%−14.5k
2017observed−0.19%−21.1k
2018observed−0.18%−20.3k
2019observed−0.25%−28.2k
2020observed−0.22%−24.8k
2021observed−0.75%−83.6k
2022observed−0.37%−41.1k
2023observed−0.35%−38.7k
2024projected−0.38%−41.6k
First year−0.13%
Least negative−0.13% · 2016
Most negative−0.75% · 2021
2024−0.38%
CARD 02 · LITERAL SERIES MAXIMUM

Population below peak

Peak population minus the 2024 population, shown in people and as a share of the peak.

2.9%
323.4k people below peak
Population from peak line chart
Observed through 2023 2024 projected Focused scale · peak = 100

Annual total population from the literal series maximum in 2012 through 2024, indexed so the peak equals 100. The focused scale shows the stock path while exact annual populations remain in the table.

Annual total population from the literal peak through 2024
YearEvidencePopulation
2012observed11,303,175
2013observed11,298,167
2014observed11,285,775
2015observed11,275,065
2016observed11,265,612
2017observed11,247,829
2018observed11,227,118
2019observed11,202,846
2020observed11,176,354
2021observed11,122,168
2022observed11,059,820
2023observed11,019,931
2024projected10,979,783
Peak population · 2012
11.30m
2024 population
10.98m

From 11,303,175 people in 2012 to 10,979,783 in 2024. The endpoint is projected; the peak year is the literal maximum in the WPP series.

SOURCE · UN WPP 2024 CHECKS PASSED · DETAILS⌄
Releasewpp2024
RevisionPOP/DB/WPP/Rev.2024/GEN/F01/Rev.1
Vintage2024 Revision, Online Edition
Retrieved2026-06-25T11:25:03+00:00
LicenceCC BY 3.0 IGO
Formulaannual-total-change-rate-v1 · population-below-peak-v1 · population-from-peak-v1 · sustained-decline-streak-rank-v1
Transformsite/src/lib/sustained-decline-profile.ts
Raw file SHA-25698e34d9b65b53858cd08a57a566e45050b08093ad85ba5714fe6fbd78055ae6d
Measurement universeDe facto population: all residents in the country or area, regardless of legal status or citizenship; streak rank compares the 29 canonical sustained-decline members only.
Reference timeAnnual source rows from 2016 through 2024; estimates through 2023, then medium-variant projection.
UnitWhole people and annual total change as a percentage of same-year population; the population-path chart indexes the literal peak to 100 while retaining exact annual counts.
Evidence statusprojected 2024 endpoint; observed/projected status is retained for every chart row.
AGE STRUCTURE · 2023
PROJECTED PATH · WPP 2024 MEDIUM VARIANT
YearPopulationAnnual changeFertility
202410.98m−41,6201.45
20509.38m−82,6171.51
20806.92m−72,7581.55
21005.58m−60,0891.57

Values after 2023 are medium-variant projections, not forecasts.

AGE BALANCE · 1950–2100

Youth and older population

Annual share of the population aged under 18 and aged 65+. The crossing shows when the older group first becomes larger in the annual source series.

First annual crossover
2027 · projected
Rule
65+ strictly exceeds under 18

Cuba annual age balance from 1950 to 2100. Under-18 population moves from 42.5% in 1950 to 18.6% in 2023 and 13.3% in the 2100 projection. Population aged 65 and older moves from 4.3% to 16.2% and 38.6%. First annual crossover: 2027 · projected. Estimates run through 2023 and WPP Medium projections begin in 2024.

Youth and older population in Cuba, 1950 to 2100 Cuba annual age balance from 1950 to 2100. Under-18 population moves from 42.5% in 1950 to 18.6% in 2023 and 13.3% in the 2100 projection. Population aged 65 and older moves from 4.3% to 16.2% and 38.6%. First annual crossover: 2027 · projected. Estimates run through 2023 and WPP Medium projections begin in 2024. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 1950 1975 2000 2023 2050 2075 2100 ESTIMATES · THROUGH 2023 WPP MEDIUM PROJECTION UNDER 18 · 13.3% 65+ · 38.6%
1950
Under 18 · 42.5%65+ · 4.3%
2023 observed
Under 18 · 18.6%65+ · 16.2%
2100 projected
Under 18 · 13.3%65+ · 38.6%
Annual evidence · 151 source rows
Cuba under-18 and 65+ population history
YearEvidenceUnder 18Share65+Share
1950 observed 2,517,413 42.5% 257,560 4.3%
1951 observed 2,567,010 42.5% 262,258 4.3%
1952 observed 2,615,020 42.4% 268,939 4.4%
1953 observed 2,662,967 42.4% 276,470 4.4%
1954 observed 2,711,000 42.3% 283,330 4.4%
1955 observed 2,758,778 42.2% 288,983 4.4%
1956 observed 2,806,916 42.0% 293,511 4.4%
1957 observed 2,856,927 41.9% 297,098 4.4%
1958 observed 2,909,811 41.9% 300,501 4.3%
1959 observed 2,967,171 41.8% 304,721 4.3%
1960 observed 3,030,752 41.9% 310,299 4.3%
1961 observed 3,100,956 42.0% 316,997 4.3%
1962 observed 3,178,803 42.2% 324,803 4.3%
1963 observed 3,264,947 42.4% 334,084 4.3%
1964 observed 3,355,776 42.7% 345,372 4.4%
1965 observed 3,447,794 42.9% 358,634 4.5%
1966 observed 3,537,609 43.2% 373,929 4.6%
1967 observed 3,620,376 43.3% 391,477 4.7%
1968 observed 3,696,284 43.4% 410,582 4.8%
1969 observed 3,770,755 43.5% 430,155 5.0%
1970 observed 3,843,674 43.6% 450,038 5.1%
1971 observed 3,906,965 43.5% 473,001 5.3%
1972 observed 3,956,051 43.4% 498,712 5.5%
1973 observed 3,992,462 43.1% 524,650 5.7%
1974 observed 4,017,877 42.9% 551,256 5.9%
1975 observed 4,031,690 42.5% 578,673 6.1%
1976 observed 4,031,984 42.1% 606,893 6.3%
1977 observed 4,015,121 41.6% 635,610 6.6%
1978 observed 3,977,459 41.0% 664,223 6.8%
1979 observed 3,916,839 40.1% 692,215 7.1%
1980 observed 3,833,428 39.1% 719,371 7.3%
1981 observed 3,731,509 37.9% 741,110 7.5%
1982 observed 3,629,182 36.6% 758,420 7.7%
1983 observed 3,536,381 35.4% 776,562 7.8%
1984 observed 3,447,528 34.2% 794,828 7.9%
1985 observed 3,363,920 33.1% 812,447 8.0%
1986 observed 3,287,511 32.1% 829,142 8.1%
1987 observed 3,218,215 31.1% 844,835 8.2%
1988 observed 3,156,996 30.3% 859,791 8.2%
1989 observed 3,101,344 29.4% 874,413 8.3%
1990 observed 3,049,164 28.7% 889,194 8.4%
1991 observed 2,997,465 28.0% 903,337 8.4%
1992 observed 2,946,352 27.3% 916,227 8.5%
1993 observed 2,901,524 26.8% 928,332 8.6%
1994 observed 2,866,080 26.3% 944,758 8.7%
1995 observed 2,842,197 26.0% 966,279 8.8%
1996 observed 2,829,559 25.8% 988,663 9.0%
1997 observed 2,826,691 25.7% 1,012,222 9.2%
1998 observed 2,830,729 25.7% 1,037,145 9.4%
1999 observed 2,836,648 25.6% 1,063,232 9.6%
2000 observed 2,834,689 25.5% 1,090,764 9.8%
2001 observed 2,820,276 25.3% 1,121,728 10.1%
2002 observed 2,797,396 25.0% 1,155,943 10.3%
2003 observed 2,769,473 24.7% 1,188,984 10.6%
2004 observed 2,738,079 24.4% 1,221,424 10.9%
2005 observed 2,701,126 24.0% 1,256,321 11.2%
2006 observed 2,653,798 23.5% 1,290,902 11.4%
2007 observed 2,596,583 23.0% 1,325,299 11.7%
2008 observed 2,537,052 22.5% 1,360,584 12.0%
2009 observed 2,483,284 22.0% 1,394,565 12.3%
2010 observed 2,440,226 21.6% 1,427,854 12.6%
2011 observed 2,408,709 21.3% 1,462,530 12.9%
2012 observed 2,385,110 21.1% 1,500,084 13.3%
2013 observed 2,363,187 20.9% 1,537,858 13.6%
2014 observed 2,338,517 20.7% 1,570,875 13.9%
2015 observed 2,312,704 20.5% 1,601,298 14.2%
2016 observed 2,283,991 20.3% 1,630,869 14.5%
2017 observed 2,250,718 20.0% 1,659,574 14.8%
2018 observed 2,217,762 19.8% 1,690,858 15.1%
2019 observed 2,184,329 19.5% 1,721,852 15.4%
2020 observed 2,149,517 19.2% 1,747,931 15.6%
2021 observed 2,114,432 19.0% 1,751,137 15.7%
2022 observed 2,080,798 18.8% 1,755,843 15.9%
2023 observed 2,052,767 18.6% 1,784,734 16.2%
2024 projected 2,028,759 18.5% 1,819,248 16.6%
2025 projected 2,003,714 18.3% 1,863,155 17.0%
2026 projected 1,974,453 18.1% 1,917,573 17.6%
2027 projected 1,939,711 17.9% 1,986,422 18.3%
2028 projected 1,900,864 17.6% 2,069,387 19.2%
2029 projected 1,858,895 17.3% 2,157,442 20.1%
2030 projected 1,817,678 17.0% 2,244,829 21.0%
2031 projected 1,778,967 16.7% 2,329,046 21.9%
2032 projected 1,741,743 16.4% 2,408,819 22.7%
2033 projected 1,705,065 16.2% 2,483,192 23.6%
2034 projected 1,670,983 15.9% 2,552,918 24.3%
2035 projected 1,641,098 15.7% 2,620,772 25.1%
2036 projected 1,611,445 15.5% 2,689,876 25.9%
2037 projected 1,583,593 15.4% 2,759,166 26.8%
2038 projected 1,560,206 15.2% 2,819,139 27.5%
2039 projected 1,541,173 15.1% 2,861,694 28.1%
2040 projected 1,524,994 15.1% 2,889,784 28.5%
2041 projected 1,508,701 15.0% 2,908,738 28.9%
2042 projected 1,491,910 14.9% 2,916,832 29.2%
2043 projected 1,475,251 14.9% 2,910,352 29.3%
2044 projected 1,458,649 14.8% 2,894,464 29.4%
2045 projected 1,442,053 14.8% 2,874,415 29.4%
2046 projected 1,425,239 14.7% 2,852,799 29.4%
2047 projected 1,408,149 14.6% 2,838,607 29.5%
2048 projected 1,390,894 14.6% 2,833,161 29.7%
2049 projected 1,373,394 14.5% 2,829,949 29.9%
2050 projected 1,355,608 14.4% 2,830,974 30.2%
2051 projected 1,337,635 14.4% 2,834,289 30.5%
2052 projected 1,319,461 14.3% 2,836,570 30.8%
2053 projected 1,301,052 14.3% 2,842,888 31.1%
2054 projected 1,282,531 14.2% 2,853,838 31.6%
2055 projected 1,264,128 14.1% 2,863,948 32.0%
2056 projected 1,245,960 14.1% 2,868,258 32.4%
2057 projected 1,228,133 14.0% 2,863,498 32.6%
2058 projected 1,210,808 13.9% 2,850,059 32.8%
2059 projected 1,194,020 13.9% 2,830,533 33.0%
2060 projected 1,177,781 13.9% 2,809,490 33.1%
2061 projected 1,162,075 13.8% 2,790,490 33.2%
2062 projected 1,146,845 13.8% 2,774,288 33.3%
2063 projected 1,132,139 13.7% 2,760,914 33.5%
2064 projected 1,117,942 13.7% 2,749,563 33.7%
2065 projected 1,104,162 13.7% 2,739,353 34.0%
2066 projected 1,090,831 13.7% 2,729,347 34.2%
2067 projected 1,077,949 13.6% 2,718,929 34.4%
2068 projected 1,065,432 13.6% 2,707,111 34.6%
2069 projected 1,053,243 13.6% 2,691,782 34.8%
2070 projected 1,041,383 13.6% 2,671,859 34.9%
2071 projected 1,029,932 13.6% 2,648,982 34.9%
2072 projected 1,018,818 13.6% 2,626,932 35.0%
2073 projected 1,007,871 13.6% 2,609,498 35.1%
2074 projected 997,036 13.5% 2,597,837 35.3%
2075 projected 986,342 13.5% 2,590,560 35.5%
2076 projected 975,809 13.5% 2,586,598 35.8%
2077 projected 965,359 13.5% 2,582,308 36.2%
2078 projected 954,903 13.5% 2,576,005 36.4%
2079 projected 944,422 13.5% 2,568,569 36.7%
2080 projected 933,893 13.5% 2,560,783 37.0%
2081 projected 923,330 13.5% 2,550,685 37.2%
2082 projected 912,743 13.5% 2,536,915 37.4%
2083 projected 902,219 13.5% 2,523,106 37.6%
2084 projected 891,739 13.4% 2,507,692 37.8%
2085 projected 881,267 13.4% 2,488,324 37.9%
2086 projected 870,869 13.4% 2,465,155 38.0%
2087 projected 860,624 13.4% 2,439,490 38.0%
2088 projected 850,521 13.4% 2,414,144 38.0%
2089 projected 840,513 13.4% 2,389,597 38.0%
2090 projected 830,613 13.4% 2,365,392 38.1%
2091 projected 820,897 13.4% 2,341,707 38.1%
2092 projected 811,369 13.3% 2,318,486 38.1%
2093 projected 802,030 13.3% 2,295,764 38.2%
2094 projected 792,973 13.3% 2,273,577 38.2%
2095 projected 784,156 13.3% 2,251,910 38.3%
2096 projected 775,534 13.3% 2,230,776 38.3%
2097 projected 767,138 13.3% 2,210,196 38.4%
2098 projected 758,948 13.3% 2,190,094 38.4%
2099 projected 750,954 13.3% 2,170,395 38.5%
2100 projected 743,136 13.3% 2,151,097 38.6%
SOURCE · UN WPP 2024 · SINGLE-AGE POPULATION CHECKS PASSED · DETAILS⌄
Releasewpp2024
RevisionPOP/DB/WPP/Rev.2024/GEN/F01/Rev.1
Vintage2024 Revision, Online Edition
Retrieved2026-06-25T11:25:03+00:00
LicenceCC BY 3.0 IGO
Formulaunder18-vs-65plus-annual-history-v1
Transformpipeline.derive.age_structure_history
Raw file SHA-2566de949eb0d6bf3277959da88c7591c608ad5fd995a17b4f120c11245a351dfb1 · d9c962d7e0beb731d3450cfabba8499a1449411e3c8aec3aeced06a7a2955b6e
Measurement universeall 237 WPP country and area records in the canonical Register
Reference time1950–2023 estimates; 2024–2100 WPP Medium projection
UnitPeople and percentage of same-year single-age population.
Evidence statusAnnual estimates through 2023; WPP Medium projection thereafter. No interpolation.
Download image card Compare Cuba with…
SOURCE · UN WPP 2024 CHECKS PASSED · DETAILS⌄
Releasewpp2024
RevisionPOP/DB/WPP/Rev.2024/GEN/F01/Rev.1
Vintage2024 Revision, Online Edition
Retrieved2026-06-25T11:25:03+00:00
LicenceCC BY 3.0 IGO
Formulathousands-to-people-v1
Transformreproducible canonical pipeline
Measurement universeDe facto population: all residents in the country or area, regardless of legal status or citizenship.
Reference timePopulation is measured at 1 July 2024; annual flows cover the source year.
UnitPeople; the source workbook's thousands are converted to whole people for display.
Evidence status2024 medium-variant projection; estimates run through 2023.